Key Features of Ruby:
- Color: Fiery red, bright red, pinkish-red, and especially the rare pigeon blood red, evenly distributed.
- Clarity and Luster: High clarity, few impurities, strong and sparkling light, creating an elegant appearance.
- Hardness: Hardness 9/10 on the Mohs scale, second only to diamond, very durable and scratch-resistant.
- Composition & Structure: The main component is aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) with chromium (Cr) for color, hexagonal crystal structure, often with inclusions (silk inclusions).
- Special Effect: May exhibit a star effect (Star Ruby) when rutile inclusions are arranged symmetrically.
- Value: Extremely expensive, especially large stones (over 3 carats) with high clarity.








